Ice wedges in Yakutia; on photo -  Dr.  Nikolai  Bosikov

Thermokarst development in Yakutia,        first stage

Thermokarst development in Yakutia,     second stage

Procedure of microbes extraction from permafrost at -4 degree C; on photo - Dr. Anatoli Brouchkov

Bacillus (white colony; extracted from permafrost aged about 3 millions years) growing at -5 degree C; frozen MRS medium with ice crystals in Petri dish

Microorganisms (unidentified) extracted from ancient permafrost; magnification x1000